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Drug-resistant microbes including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses are a growing global threat. About five million deaths in 2021 were associated⁠(opens in a new window) with bacterial antimicrobial resistance—an annual toll projected to roughly double by 2050. It can take years to find molecules with the potential to become antimicrobials. Researchers are using AI to accelerate this early stage of discovery. “Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest existential threats to humanity in my opinion,” said César de la Fuente⁠(opens in a new window), a bioengineer whose cross-disciplinary lab searches for antimicrobial candidates. “And yet, we haven’t had a new class of antibiotics for 50 years.” Much of modern antimicrobial development focuses on modifying existing medicines or searching familiar classes of chemicals. 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